English For SMK "Will Vs Be Going To"

Simple Future

“will + V1” vs “be going to + V1”

English For SMK kali ini akan mengulas tentang Simple Future Tense (bentuk waktu yang akan datang) adalah bentuk waktu yang digunakan untuk menyatakan perbuatan yang akan terjadi/dilakukan di masa yang akan datang. 

Simple Future form: “Will + V1” dan “be going to + V1”

    will + V1

•         I will help you.

•         She will call me when I arrive.

be going to + V1

•         He is going to spend his vacation in London.

•         I’m going to be an actor when I grow up.

Perbedaan menggunakan Will + V1 dengan “be going to +V1” sebagai berikut:

A.  Will + V1

•          We use “will" to express a voluntary action

•          A: I’m really hungry.

•          B: I will make some sandwiches.

•          We use “will" to express a promise

•          I promise I will not tell him about the surprise party

•          We use “will” to express a spontaneous decision (the action is decided at the moment of speaking)

•          A: The phone is ringing.

•          B: I will answer.

B.  Be going to + V1

•          We use “will” to request help or offer help 

•          Will you please help me to do my homework?

•          We use “will” with words and expressions like probably, possibly, perhaps, I’m sure, I expect

•          I will probably get there by car.

•          We use “will” when the main verb is “be” even if we talk about the planned events

•          I will be in London tomorro

Catatan :
shall + not dapat disingkat menjadi shan't
will + not dapat disingkat menjadi won't

Contoh :
- We shall not go to Jakarta next week..
  (Kami tidak akan pergi ke Jakarta minggu depan.)
- She will not finish her homework  tomorrow.
  (Dia tidak akan menyelesaikan pekerjaan rumah besok.)

•          We use “be going to” to talk about prior plans, strong intentions, or fixed arrangements

•          I am going to buy a new car next year.

•          We use both “will” or “be going to” to predict future events.

•          The weather tomorrow will be sunny.

•          You are going to be a famous artist.

Note: we use “be going to” (not “will”) to make predictions about events when there is a concrete evidence.

•          Look at those dark clouds in the sky. It is going to rain soon.

Catatan :

Penambahan kata “not” diletakan setelah “to be”

To be yang di gunakan tergantung pada subject nya

Contoh :
- She is  not going to buy a doll next week.
  (Dia tidak akan membeli sebuah boneka minggu depan.)
- We are not going to finish homework this morning.
  (Kami tidak akan menyelesaikan pekerjaan rumah pagi ini.)

Keterangan waktu yang sering digunakan dalam Simple Future Tense adalah :

1	the day after tomorrow	lusa
2	tonight	nanti malam
3	this morning	pagi ini
4	this afternoon	sore ini
5	this weekend	akhir pekan ini
6	tomorrow	besok
7	tomorrow morning	besok pagi
8	next week	minggu depan
9	three days later	tiga hari lagi
10	immediately	segera

Semoga bermanfaat yaaa…

Maafkan apabila ada kesalahan dalam penulisan.

Continue Reading →

ENGLISH FOR SMK "Conditional Sentences"

A conditional sentence consists of two clauses; the if-clause, and the main clause. The if-clause can come first or second. When it comes first, we usually put a comma between the two clauses.

If I have enough time, I'll watch the football match.  

I'll watch the football match If I have enough time

Conditional Sentence Type 1

When do we use conditional sentence type 1?

1. We use conditional sentence type 1 to talk about possible situations in the present or future.
• If you leave earlier, you will not be late.
• If you open the windows, the room will get some fresh air.
2. We often use conditional type 1 to talk about facts or processes:
• If you heat water to 100 degrees, it will boil.
• If we stare into the sun, we will hurt our eyes.

The if-clause is in the present tense, the main clause uses will and the infinitive, or simple present.

Conditional Sentence Type 1
TYPE	IF CLAUSE	MAIN CLAUSE	MEANING
Type 1	Simple present If you work hard,	Simple present you succeed. Simple future you will succeed.	True in the present or possible in future It’s possible to happen in the future

Note:

Other modal verbs can also be used in place of will and would.

• If it rains like this all day, the river might flood. (might = will possibly)
• If it rains like this all day, the river could flood. (could = will be able to)

Conditional Sentences Type 1 refers to the future. An action in the future will only happen if a certain condition is fulfilled by that time. We don't know for sure whether the condition actually will be fulfilled or not, but the conditions seems rather realistic – so we think it is likely to happen.

2.   Conditional Sentence Type 2

When do we use conditional sentence type 2?

Conditional sentence type 2 is used to talk about actions or situations that are not taking place in the present or future, but we can imagine the probable result.

o    If we didn’t live in a big city, we would not have to breathe polluted air everyday. (In truth, we live in a big city)

o    If he were here, I would tell him about my plan.
(In fact, he isn’t here)

The if-clause is in the simple past or the past continuous tense, the main clause uses would and the infinitive, or would be and the present participle (Verb-ing).

Conditional Sentence Type 2
TYPE	IF CLAUSE	MAIN CLAUSE	MEANING
Type 2	Simple past If you worked hard, Past continuous If it were not raining now,	would + simple form you would succeed. would be + present participle I would be going out for a walk.	Untrue in the present Fact: You don’t work hard, so you don’t succeed Fact:It’s raining now, so I’m not going out for a walk.

Note:

§  ‘Were’ is used for both singular and plural subjects.

§  The use of type 2 conditional in “If I were you, I would ………” is a common form of advice.

Conditional Sentences Type 2 refers to an action in the present that could happen if the present situation were different. I don't really expect the situation to change because it is very unlikely.

3.   Conditional Sentence Type 3

When do we use conditional sentence type 3?

Conditional sentence type 3 is used to talk about actions or situations that did not take or were not taking place in the past, but we can imagine the probable result.

o    If you had come to the party last night, you would have met my cousin. (In truth, you didn’t come to the party last night)

o    If he had not been late this morning, his teacher would not have punished him. (In truth, he was late)

The if-clause is in the past perfect or the past perfect continuous tense, the main clause uses would have and past participle (Verb 3), or would have been and present participle (Verb-ing).

Conditional Sentence Type 3
TYPE	IF CLAUSE	MAIN CLAUSE	MEANING
Type 3	Past perfect If you had worked hard, Past perfect continuous If it had not been raining yesterday afternoon,	would have + past participle you would have succeeded. would have been + present participle I would have been going out for a walk.	Untrue in the past Fact: You didn’t work hard, so you didn’t succeed. Fact: It was raining yesterday afternoon. I was not going out for a walk.

Conditional Sentences Type 3 refer to situations in the past. They express hypothetical results to past given situations.

Continue Reading →

Gerunds as Subject, Object or Complement

Try to think of gerunds as verbs in noun form.

Like nouns, gerunds can be the subject, object or complement of a sentence:

• Smoking costs a lot of money.
• I don't like writing.
• My favourite occupation is reading.

But, like a verb, a gerund can also have an object itself. In this case, the whole expression [gerund + object] can be the subject, object or complement of the sentence.

• Smoking cigarettes costs a lot of money.
• I don't like writing letters.
• My favourite occupation is reading detective stories.

Like nouns, we can use gerunds with adjectives (including articles and other determiners):

• pointless questioning
• a settling of debts
• the making of Titanic
• his drinking of alcohol

But when we use a gerund with an article, it does not usually take a direct object:

• a settling of debts (not a settling debts)
• Making "Titanic" was expensive.
• The making of "Titanic" was expensive.

Do you see the difference in these two sentences? In one, "reading" is a gerund (noun). In the other "reading" is a present participle (verb).

• My favourite occupation is reading.

My favourite niece is reading.

Continue Reading →

How do we make the Present Continuous Tense?

Present Continuous Tense

The structure of the present continuous tense is:

subject	+	auxiliary verb	+	main verb
		be		base + ing

Look at these examples:

	subject	auxiliary verb		main verb
+	I	am		speaking	to you.
+	You	are		reading	this.
-	She	is	not	staying	in London.
-	We	are	not	playing	football.
?	Is	he		watching	TV?
?	Are	they		waiting	for John?

Continue Reading →

Simple Present is Easy

Simple Present Tense (is, am , are).

Kita mengenal ada tiga macam verb “be” yaitu “is, am dan  “are”. Bagi pemula, pemakaian verb “be” ini memang agak membingungkan. Hal ini dikarenakan verb “be” bisa berfungsi sebagai kata kerja utama “main verb” dalam sebuah kalimat dan juga bisa berfungsi sebagai kata kerja Bantu (seperti halnya dalam Present Continuous Tense). 

Untuk memudahkan kita memahaminya, ayo fokus lebih dulu pada verb “be” yang berfungsi sebagai kata kerja utama dalam bentuk  kalimat Simple Present Tense, akan tetapi ada baiknya kita pahami dulu apa itu Simple Present Tense.

I. Simple Present Tense

Arti simple yaitu sederhana, sedangkan present adalah sekarang. Jadi bisa dikatakan bahwa Simple Present adalah tenses (pola kalimat) yang digunakan untuk menceritakan waktu sekarang dalam bentuk sederhana. Nama lain daripada Present adalah BENTUK 1.

Berikut fungsi dari Simple Present Tense:

a.       Fakta permanen: Kalimat-kalimat yang menyatakan fakta yang selalu berlaku/benar

Contoh: Batanghari River is in Jambi.      

b.   Fakta sekarang: Kalimat-kalimat yang menyatakan fakta yang benar untuk saat sekarang.

      Contoh: I am at home. (saya di rumah)                 

c.      Tindakan kebiasaan

Contoh             : Anita  goes to her office every morning.  (Anita pergi kekantornya setiap pagi) 

Contoh lain      : I am clever, She watches TV every afternoon, They go to WTC. 

Jika kita perhatikan contoh-contoh di atas, kalimat tersebut ada yang menggunakan verb "be" dan ada yang tidak. Hal ini dikarenakan simple present tense dapat dibuat dalam bentuk nomial dan dalam bentuk verbal.

Bila Simple Present Tense tersebut memakai verb “be” berarti berbentuk nominal sentence, bila tidak menggunakan verb “be” melainkan menggunakan “verb” (seperti; go, eat, run, study, dll) berarti berbentuk verbal.

Contoh  kalimat verbal dalam Simple Present Tense:

            I go to Jakarta twice a week. (saya pergi ke Jakarta dua kali seminggu.)

            My mother cooks every morning. (Ibu ku memasak setiap pagi.)

            John plays games every morning. (John bermain game setiap pagi.)

            The boy likes juice. (anak laki-laki itu suka jus.)

Semua kalimat-kalimat diatas memakai verb dan disebut kalimat verbal.  Oleh karena itu tidak perlu di tambah verb “be”, karena kalimat-kalimat tersebut sudah mempunyai kata kerja. Jadi tidak boleh mengatakan “ I am go to Jakarta every week, akan tetapi “I go to Jakarta every week.”

Contoh kalimat nominal dalam Simple Present Tense

1. I am tall. (Saya tinggi.)

2. Roni is in America. (Roni di Amerika.)

3. The house is big.(Rumah itu besar.)

4. They are clever. (Mereka pintar.

kalimat-kalimat diatas akan salah jika kita membuatnya tidak menggunakan verb “be”

I tall

(jika tidak menggunaka verb “be” maka “I tall” bukan kalimat karena tidak mempunyai kata kerja, oleh karena itu kita perlu verb “be” untuk membuat kalimatnya menjadi benar. “ I am tall.” Begitu juga dengan contoh kalimat 2, 3 dan 4 diatas.)

Oleh karena kalimat tersebut harus menggunakan verb “be”, maka kalimat-kalimat tersebut di sebut kalimat nominal.

II. Verb “be” dalam Simple Present Tense

Sebagaimana kita ketahui, syarat sebuah kalimat dalam bahasa Inggris  harus mempunyai Subject dan Verb. Bila tidak mempunyai verb, berarti itu bukan kalimat.

Contoh:

                  I  tall                             (Saya tinggi)

                  Rina  in Jakarta             ( Rina di Jakarta)

Dua contoh kalimat diatas salah, karena tidak mempunyai verb. Pada contoh 1, “I” adalah subject pronoun, dan “tall” adalah “adjective (kata sifat), jadi kalimat tersebut tidak mempunyai verb, begitu juga contoh dua, “Rina” pada kalimat tersebut berfungsi sebagai subject, “in Jakarta” adalah “adverb (kata keterangan). Jadi kedua kalimat diatas adalah salah.

Untuk membuat kalimat tersebut  menjadi  kalimat yang benar maka  kita perlu membuat kalimat tersebut memenuhi syarat, yaitu mempunyai “subject” dan “Verb”, maka kita harus menggunakan “verb be”.

I tall                                          I am tall.

Rina in Jakarta                        Rina is in Jakarta.

Semoga bermanfaat ya......

Continue Reading →